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Q fever is an infectious disease spread from animals like cattle, sheep, goats, camels and kangaroos. People who work around animals are most at risk, but those who live nearby can also be exposed.
It causes flu-like symptoms, such as fever, sweats and fatigue. Although most cases are mild, it can cause serious disease and long-lasting health impacts for months or even years.
Between 2013 and 2023, cases hovered around 450 to 600 cases each year. But in 2024, cases increased to 881. Then, last year had the highest number of cases ever recorded, at 912.
Public health authorities are working to better understand the reasons for the recent increase.
The bacterium that causes Q fever can survive in the environment for a long time. It can also spread through dust and be carried over long distances by the wind.
The good news is that a vaccine can help protect you against Q fever and its complications.
If you live or work around animals or animal materials – such as in agriculture, veterinary or meatworks sectors – talk to your healthcare professional about vaccination.
You’ll need testing to check your immunity first, because the vaccine can’t be given to people who have already had Q fever or been vaccinated against it.
To stay safe when handling animals and animal materials:
- wash your hands and arms after contact
- wear a properly fitted P2 or N95 respirator and gloves
- bag soiled clothing and boots before going home – and wash them separately
- keep wounds covered with a waterproof dressing
- follow your employer’s work, health and safety advice.
Wearing a P2 or N95 respirator when mowing or gardening in areas around animals can also help reduce your risk. Being aware of tick prevention is also important, as they can occasionally spread Q fever.
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